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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator

Calculate genotype and allele frequencies for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator

ℹ️ Enter the number of individuals with the homozygous dominant genotype (AA). Must be a non-negative integer.
ℹ️ Enter the number of individuals with the heterozygous genotype (Aa). Must be a non-negative integer.
ℹ️ Enter the number of individuals with the homozygous recessive genotype (aa). Must be a non-negative integer.

Please enter valid input values.

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    About the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator

    The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator computes genotype and allele frequencies for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a fundamental concept in population genetics. This tool is ideal for students, researchers, and educators studying genetic variation.

    • Features:
      • Calculates allele frequencies (\( p \), \( q \)) and genotype frequencies (\( p^2 \), \( 2pq \), \( q^2 \)) based on genotype counts or allele frequencies.
      • Supports two input modes: genotype counts (AA, Aa, aa) or allele frequency (p).
      • Validates inputs to ensure non-negative counts or valid frequencies (0 to 1).
      • Displays genotype frequencies in a bar chart for visualization.
      • Supports calculation history, result copying, and PDF export via LaTeX.
    • Practical Applications: Useful in population genetics, evolutionary biology, and genetic counseling.
    • How to Use:
      • Select input mode: "Genotype Counts" or "Allele Frequencies."
      • For genotype counts, enter the number of individuals for AA, Aa, and aa.
      • For allele frequencies, enter the dominant allele frequency (p); q is calculated as 1 - p.
      • Click "Calculate" to compute frequencies and view the bar chart.
      • Optionally copy results or export to PDF.
      • Use "Clear" to reset inputs.
    • Helpful Tips:
      • Genotype counts must be non-negative integers.
      • Allele frequency (p) must be between 0 and 1.
      • Click history items to reuse previous inputs.
      • Results are rounded to four decimal places for clarity.
    • Examples:
      • Example 1: Genotype Counts:
        • Input: AA = 100, Aa = 200, aa = 100
        • Result: p = 0.5000, q = 0.5000; AA (p²) = 0.2500, Aa (2pq) = 0.5000, aa (q²) = 0.2500
      • Example 2: Allele Frequency:
        • Input: p = 0.7
        • Result: p = 0.7000, q = 0.3000; AA (p²) = 0.4900, Aa (2pq) = 0.4200, aa (q²) = 0.0900
      • Example 3: Invalid Input:
        • Input: AA = -10, Aa = 50, aa = 30
        • Result: Error: Counts must be non-negative.

    Analyze population genetics with ease and share or export results for your research or classroom!