Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator
Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator computes \\(F\\) for a system to find max work at const. T & V using internal energy, entropy, and temp.
Formulas Used in Helmholtz Free Energy Calculator
The calculator uses the Helmholtz free energy equation:
Helmholtz Free Energy:
\\[ F = U – T S \\]Temperature Conversions:
\\[ T_K = T_C + 273.15 \\] \\[ T_K = \frac{5(T_F – 32)}{9} + 273.15 \\]Interpretation:
- \\(F < 0\\): Indicates maximum work the system can perform at constant \\(T\\) and \\(V\\)
- \\(F > 0\\): Work must be done on the system
- \\(F = 0\\): System is at equilibrium
Where:
- \\(F\\): Helmholtz free energy (kJ/mol)
- \\(U\\): Internal energy (kJ/mol)
- \\(S\\): Entropy (kJ/(mol·K))
- \\(T\\): Temperature (K)
- \\(T_C\\): Temperature in Celsius (°C)
- \\(T_F\\): Temperature in Fahrenheit (°F)
Example Calculation
Example: \\(U = 100 \, \text{kJ/mol}, S = 0.2 \, \text{kJ/(mol·K)}, T = 298 \, \text{K}\\)
Compute: \\(F = 100 – 298 \times 0.2 = 40.4 \, \text{kJ/mol}\\)
Result: \\(F > 0\\), work must be done on the system