Torus Surface Area Calculator
Torus Surface Area Calculator computes the surface area of a torus given its major and minor radii, visualizing the torus in 3D with p5.js and rendering steps with MathJax.
The Torus Surface Area Calculator
This tool calculates the surface area of a torus using the formula \(A = 4\pi^2 R r\), where \(R\) is the major radius (distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus) and \(r\) is the minor radius (radius of the tube). Enter positive values for \(R\) and \(r\) (with \(R > r\)), and view the result with a step-by-step explanation and a 3D wireframe visualization of the torus. Results are copyable, shareable via social media, or embeddable for educational use.
Example 1: Standard Torus
Major radius: \(R = 3\), Minor radius: \(r = 1\).
Surface area: \(A = 4\pi^2 \cdot 3 \cdot 1 \approx 118.435\).
The torus resembles a doughnut with a larger ring radius.
Example 2: Thin Torus
Major radius: \(R = 5\), Minor radius: \(r = 0.5\).
Surface area: \(A = 4\pi^2 \cdot 5 \cdot 0.5 \approx 98.696\).
The torus has a thin tube relative to its ring radius.